|
A crash test is a form of destructive testing usually performed in order to ensure safe design standards in crashworthiness and crash compatibility for various modes of transportation or related systems and components. == Types == * Frontal-impact tests: which is what most people initially think of when asked about a crash test. These are usually impacts upon a solid concrete wall at a specified speed, but can also be vehicle-vehicle tests. SUVs have been singled out in these tests for a while, due to the high ride-height that they often have. * Moderate Overlap tests: in which only part of the front of the car impacts with a barrier (vehicle). These are important, as impact forces (approximately) remain the same as with a frontal impact test, but a smaller fraction of the car is required to absorb all of the force. These tests are often realized by cars turning into oncoming traffic. This type of testing is done by the U.S.A. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), EuroNCAP, Australasian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP) and ASEAN NCAP. * Small Overlap tests: this is where only a small portion of the car's structure strikes an object such as a pole or a tree, or if a car were to clip another. This is the most demanding test as it loads the most force onto the cars structure at any given speed. These are usually conducted at 15-20% of the front vehicle structure. * Side-impact tests: these forms of accidents have a very significant likelihood of fatality, as cars do not have a significant crumple zone to absorb the impact forces before an occupant is injured. * Roll-over tests: which tests a car's ability (specifically the pillars holding the roof) to support itself in a dynamic impact. More recently dynamic rollover tests have been proposed as opposed to static crush testing (video).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Newly Developed Roof Crush Test Proves Existence of Safer Vehicles that can Withstand Rollover Crashes )〕 * Roadside hardware crash tests: are used to ensure crash barriers and crash cushions will protect vehicle occupants from roadside hazards, and also to ensure that guard rails, sign posts, light poles and similar appurtenances do not pose an undue hazard to vehicle occupants. * Old versus new: Often an old and big car against a small and new car,〔 〕 or two different generations of the same car model. These tests are performed to show the advancements in crashworthiness. * Computer model: Because of the cost of full-scale crash tests, engineers often run many simulated crash tests using computer models to refine their vehicle or barrier designs before conducting live tests. file:V06295P014.jpg|Frontal moderate overlap crash test of a 2008 Chevrolet Aveo. file:V03669P046.jpg|Side impact crash test of a 1999 Cadillac DeVille. File:V07443P002 (1).jpg|Rollover crash test of a 2006 Chevrolet Cobalt SS. File:V05161P017.jpg|Side-impact crash test of a 2002 Dodge Ram 1500 striking a 2004 Honda Accord mid-size sedan File:V07434P010.jpg|20.6% Small overlap crash test of a 2010 Toyota Yaris. File:V09049P006.jpg|Side narrow-object impact of a 2015 Ford Expedition. File:V09047P014.jpg|Frontal full-width crash test of a 2015 BMW X3. File:V08473P016.jpg|Side impact crash test of a 2014 Scion FR-S. File:V08673P002.jpg|Rear offset crash test of a 1997 Mazda 626. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「crash test」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|